This report covers hill irrigation in Nepal. Nepal has a high ratio of people to cultivable land. The mountainous terrain forces farmers to use marginal lands on steep slopes that are difficult to irrigate, and yet an increasing population demands intensive farming method, for which irrigation is a crucial factor. The hills are not easy to irrigate, but very little of the potential has been realized. An estimated 0.3 million ha of land in the hills could be irrigated; at present, only about 53 percent of that has been developed. This report is a case study of the Solma Irrigation Project in East Nepal.