Water, Sanitation, Hygiene
According to the Centers for Disease Control, global access to safe water, adequate sanitation, and proper hygiene education can reduce illness and death from disease, leading to improved health, poverty reduction, and socio-economic development. However, many countries are challenged to provide these basic necessities to their populations, leaving people at risk for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)-related diseases. Resources available within this theme offer information on providing access to safe water and appropriate sanitation facilities, and introducing sound hygiene behaviors.
Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Resources
Maintaining Water Storage Tanks
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
The maintenance of water storage tanks is necessary to ensure the quality of the water stored. Maintenance of tanks basically involves two important procedures: prevention of contamination, and cleaning the tank periodically to ensure that water is fresh. This technical note describes the...Read more
Designing a Ground Level Storage Tank
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
Technical note provides guidance on designing a ground level storage tank. Under suitable circumstances, ground level storage tanks may be used to deliver water to users by gravity flow. Storage tanks are a very important part of a water system because they ensure that adequate quantities of water...Read more
Planning Solid Waste Management Systems
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note discusses planning and implementation of eight key activities in planning solid waste management systems including: (1) recognizing the problem, (2) organizing community support and setting objectives, (3) collecting data, (4) formulating alternatives, (5) selecting methods, (6...Read more
Operating and Maintaining a Composting System
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes how to operate and maintain a composting system. A composting system is a means of turning garbage, animal manure, other organic wastes, and, in some cases, excreta into compost. Operating a composting system involves preparing the organic materials, piling the...Read more
Constructing a Household Cistern
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
Technical note provides guidance on constructing a household cistern for safe water storage. Well constructed cisterns play an important role in providing families with an accessible supply of potable water. Cisterns and storage jars constructed of locally available materials offer improved access...Read more
Designing a Small Community Disinfection Unit
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
Disinfection of ground and surface water is often necessary to ensure that drinking water is free from micro-organisms that could cause disease. This technical note describes the design of three basic methods for chlorinating community water supplies: a pot and a drip feed chlorinator which are...Read more
Designing Privy Shelters
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note provides guidance on designing privy shelters. A privy shelter is a screen or structure that gives the person using the privy privacy. Depending on the design, a shelter can protect the privy and the user from the weather and keep out flies, rates, scavenging dogs, and other...Read more
Constructing Bucket Latrines
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes each step in constructing a bucket latrine. A bucket latrine consists of a shelter and a platform which supports a slab and encloses a bucket. Constructing a bucket latrine involves assembling all necessary labor, materials, and tools; building a base and platform from...Read more
Determining the Need for Water Storage
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
Technical note helps determine the need for water storage. Storage is necessary (1) when rainwater is collected for drinking water, (2) for most distribution systems where the source's continuous supply is barely sufficient or is insufficient to meet the daily demand and (3) where a single...Read more
Constructing a Biogas System
Published:
January 1, 1982U.S. Agency for International Development
This technical note describes how to construct a biogas system. A biogas system is a means of digesting animal manure anaerobically to produce methane gas which is burned to provide heat or light. The system consists of one or more digester tanks, a gas holder, an arrangement of gas pipes, and one...Read more
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