The objective of this study was to determine the likelihood, magnitude, and timing of water shortages, and the degree of electric supply and demand dependency on water -- and to develop a research plan to address the water and sustainability issue before it becomes critical. This research plan should explicitly outline the steps to be taken at the macroscale level -- watershed, water resource region -- as well as the microscale -- facility level -- and the interdependencies/synergies between the macroscale and microscale.