The following areas of knowledge deficiency in the field of on-farm water management were identified by the Symposium: (1) Physiological responses of crops to environmental stresses, (2) optimal crop productivity relationships of water and other inputs; (3) methods for systematically transferring crop productivity functions geographically; (4) improved on-farm systems, including drainage, and measuring control structures; (5) improved production systems and understanding of climatic variables for rain fed agriculture; (6) improved prediction of quantity and quality of surface and subsurface water supplies and improved storage and distribution procedures for optimal on-farm water management; (7) methodology to identify critical technological innovations or systems; (8) improved "systems" to facilitate or deliver appropriate water management technology; (9) farmer motivation; (10) methods for involving farmers in the planning and management of water distribution system; (11) approaches to needed water rights legislation; (12) prediction of economic consequences of alternatives; and (13) techniques for predicting socioeconomic problems. This is not a complete list but the Symposium felt it defines the principal areas of deficiency.