A USAID team worked with the Egyptian Ministry of Irrigation (MOI) to design a program to improve irrigation water use in medium size structures in the country's old lands irrigated area. Examining issues of irrigation system operation, maintenance, and structural replacement, the team concluded that the MOI would need $100 million in U.S. funding over the next 5 years to maintain quality levels, halt a trend towards system deterioration, and attract and retain additional MOI personnel. The team recommended implementing the project slowly and prioritizing structural replacement efforts. It also recommended that the MOI: use more modern, cost-effective alternative designs and upgrade the quality of materials and equipment used by its engineers and technicians; improve onsite quality monitoring and develop a capacity for internal maintenance; and improve internal communication and operational control of the existing irrigated service area. Current aerial photographs of the area and studies in the Gharbia Directorate and North Zifta District are recommended. An MOI commitment to continue future maintenance should accompany the project.