The use of new technology in Indian agriculture has resulted in increased use of fertilizer and water. The major objectives of this study are: 1) estimate returns to water use at difference levels of application and under varying farm operating conditions; 2) to analyze differences in cropping patterns, yields, and levels of technology accompanying different systems of well irrigation; 3) to compare costs and net returns to different systems of well irrigation. Different sources were studied to provide a wide range of costs of water use and to facilitate study of the effect of water cost on water use practices and returns.