Because of poor irrigation management, much of Sri Lanka's agricultural lands can be farmed only occasionally or only during the Maha season -- despite the fact that sufficient rainfall exists for one or more crops per year. The purpose of this study is to determine the institutional, organizational, and physical components of a proposed A.I.D. irrigation program in Sri Lanka. The country's water management problems are primarily due to poor maintenance and a lack of control over water use. Insufficient attention is given to operational requirements, and budgeting for maintenance is inadequate. Scarce government resources are often used for new construction rather than for maintenance. Water is taken at will by area farmers, and relationships between farmers and government agencies are not good. Furthermore, water management personnel are poorly trained and are not given the authority and support they need to enforce water rationing. A.I.D. has proposed a program which includes upgrading of the Walawe and Gal Oya irrigation schemes, improved water management training and extension programs, increased cooperation from the Irrigation Department, and funding of a social research program. The Irrigation Department's Water Management Division would be strengthened -- its staff enlarged and trained, and the Division placed under the authority of a deputy director who would have no other responsibilities. Other steps would include: (1) revision of criteria used to select technical assistance recruits, i.e., placing less weight on academics and more weight on numeracy tests and human relations; (2) greater coordination of programs and plans by the Departments of Agrarian Services, Agriculture, and Irrigation; and (3) a willingness to prosecute for damages in order to restore discipline to irrigation projects. Finally, the proposed A.I.D. project is evaluated for technical, social, economic, financial, administrative, and environmental soundness. Appendices include descriptions of the Irrigation Department's organizational structure and work program, local level governments, farmer organizations, and the Uda Walawe and Gal Oya projects, and a cost breakdown of the proposed A.I.D. program.