Presented herein are findings from studies of conventional farm irrigation systems at three locations in Egypt, along with the results of field trials which assessed land-leveling and system design improvements. The typical irrigation method in Egypt involves surface gravity flooding of small flat or furrowed basins. Basin size depends on field levelness, farm size, crop patterns/rotation, and water supply, as well as farmer needs. The small basins require careful water management and high labor inputs for the construction of ditches and dikes and for the irrigation operation itself. Field trials at the three locations assessed: (1) precision land leveling to dead level; and (2) irrigation system improvements (level border strip or level long furrow design). Most of the trials were successful in improving irrigation efficiency and/or water control. Reasons for their success, or lack thereof, are reviewed herein, and further improvements or adaptations are suggested. Generally, results showed that water delivery is a major factor in the success of on-farm irrigation improvements. Given a consistent and regular stream size of 25-30 liters per second, level long basins and level long furrows enable efficient and uniform application of water. Results also showed the need to continue advising farmers on improved management practices for new irrigation systems, even after system construction is finished. If this factor is lacking, results can be worse than under conventional methods. (Author abstract, modified).