he organization of this report mainly emphasizes the methods and applications of age determination for fishes. However, the development of ageing methods for fish has not reached its full potential and may not have as long a history as that of the other organisms. One of the examples that can be used to illustrate this argument is that paleo ecological applications using the growth records stored in trees, bivalves, corals, and barnacles were developed and evaluated long ago. However, fish otolith microstructural analysis is just beginning. In fact, many biochemical or genetic ageing methods used in fishes were originally developed for the other organisms. Although this paper does not provide a detailed description of all the techniques and practices for all ageing methods, it is my intention to provide useful information from other areas that can be adapted to fishes.