Aquaculture development in Africa has lagged far behind that in other developing regions while human needs for additional protein are just as urgent. This volume reports results from an international conference convened in Zomba, Malawi, that reviewed the progress of the first three years of ICLARM collaborative research. The conference found that African aquaculture is undergoing a revival in many countries, including Malawi, but is still a foreign practice to the vast majority of rural smallholder farmers who could benefit.